Islam

Islam
   This Arabic word means "submission to God," and it refers to submission to the will of God (Allah in Arabic). Whoever submits is called Muslim. These words occur in the holy book of Muslims, the Qur'an. The Qur'an is the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (570-632) in Mecca, beginning in 610 by the angel Gabriel. Before the Muslim conquest, the religion of the Berbers appears to have been composed of three major practices: local cults and veneration of a whole host of natural objects, Judaism, and Christianity. Although there is no precise information as to how the Berbers accepted Islam, it is believed that they seceded 12 times and finally accepted Islam only in the 12th century. In spite of their conversion to Islam, they have retained numerous pre-Islamic and pagan practices, some of which have been adapted to Islam. These survivals are evident in the agricultural rites and festivals, which include, for instance, harvest and rain rituals (taghanja), lighting bonfires (l`ansart), and the importance of saint or the zawiya-minded Islam.
   At the beginning of the conquest, the converted Berbers practiced the orthodox doctrine, but they soon professed a puritan form of Islam called Kharijism, which emphasized equality and justice among Muslims. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the strict Sunni Almoravid and Almohad rulers put an end to the remaining Christian or Shiite communities, with the exception of a few Kharijite communities that found refuge in the mountains, desert, or seaside. Among revolts against orthodox Islam, two attempts must be noted that sought to establish a new religion in Morocco: the revolt of Ha-mim in the Rif in the 10th century and that of Salih Ben Tarif of Barghwata along the Atlantic coast.

Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen) . . 2014.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?
Synonyms:

Look at other dictionaries:

  • islam — islam …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • Islam — Islam …   Deutsch Wörterbuch

  • Islâm — Islam Pour les articles homonymes, voir Islam (homonymie) …   Wikipédia en Français

  • ISLAM — L’ISLAM est une civilisation. Être musulman, c’est respirer au souffle de la prophétie de Mu ムammad et de sa première communauté fervente, l’un des plus notables événements de l’histoire des hommes. Être musulman, c’est être tapissé, dans son… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Islam —     Mohammed and Mohammedanism     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Mohammed and Mohammedanism     I. THE FOUNDER     Mohammed, the Praised One , the prophet of Islam ( see Islam (Concept) ) and the founder of Mohammedanism, was born at Mecca (20… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • islam — ISLÁM s.n. Religie monoteistă întemeiată, în sec. VII, de Profetul Mahomed şi răspândită în Asia şi Africa; mahomedanism, islamism; p. ext. totalitatea mahomedanilor; totalitatea ţărilor sau popoarelor de religie mahomedană. – Din fr. islamisme.… …   Dicționar Român

  • islam — 1. ‘Religión fundada por Mahoma’: «Jerusalén es una ciudad sagrada no solamente para el judaísmo, sino también para el cristianismo y el islam» (DzVelasco Hombres [Esp. 1995]); y ‘conjunto de los pueblos que profesan el islam’: «Devasta… …   Diccionario panhispánico de dudas

  • Islam —    Islam is the second largest of Russia’s religions. Approximately 20 million or 14 percent of Russia’s citizens are ethnic or legacy Muslims; of those, slightly fewer than half are active members of the faith. The vast majority of Russian… …   Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

  • Islam —    Islam is the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith which regards itself as incorporating the final revelation in the message of the Qur’an from God to the Prophet Muhammad. This message ends the process of prophecy and completes the… …   Encyclopedia of contemporary British culture

  • Islam —    Islam (submission to God) is the most recently established of the three main monotheistic religions in the world. The Prophet Muhammad (570 632), an Arab, began having visions when he was approximately 40 years old. The first pillar, or duty,… …   Historical Dictionary of the Kurds

  • Islam — religious system revealed by Muhammad, 1818, from Arabic islam, lit. submission (to the will of God), from root of aslama he resigned, he surrendered, he submitted, causative conjunction of salima he was safe, and related to salam peace. ...… …   Etymology dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”